How was Nepal datum 1981 established ?

Nepal Datum was established with the collaboration of United Kingdom’s Directorate of Military Survey, Ministry of Defense (MODUK) by Survey Department of Nepal. It is a precise and comprehensive geodetic network of Nepal.

Despite having sufficient controls established by Survey of India(SOI) and other various institutions over that time it was not sufficient to meet the modern mapping and engineering demand. Due to this extensive geodetic network was needed and establishment of this network was undertaken by British Military Surveyors.

How to generate contour from DEM in QGIS?

There are many methods or sources for obtaining contour like cartographic source (digitalization of old topo map), stereo-pairs, lidar data, photogrammetric methods, GIS softwares etc.

One of the data source for contour is Digital Elevation Model (DEM). In this tutorial we will learn how we can get contour through DEM in QGIS. Follow the following steps:

Elements of Map

Have you ever seen a map? What do you see? You see color, shape, some text, symbols or icons, geographic reference layers and some other thing that tries to give some message. Map presents some information from the data.
Can you read a map? Professionally I’m a Cartographer and frequently show my maps to my friends. Somehow they manage to get the information from the map but they don’t understand all the things given in the map.

How to add a new class field name in LULC ?

Our LULC raster has DN values in its pixels and we have labeled it by symbology under different classes like ‘WaterBodies’, ‘Forest’, ‘Urban’ etc. But unlike vectors we can’t directly store values in raster creating a new field in open attribute table explaining DN ‘1’ means ‘WaterBodies’ or something like that. Also raster with DN value meanings(like forest, urban etc.) can be used later to give rank to different classes in Multicriteria Decision Analysis.